Thermodynamics of Hydrocarbon Solvents at the Pore Scale During Hybrid Solvent-Thermal Application for Heavy-Oil Recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Phase behavior of fluids at capillary conditions differs from that in bulk media. Therefore, understanding the thermodynamics of solvents in confined media is essential for modeling thermal EOR applications. The Thomson equation states that pore sizes have a control on boiling points of liquids in capillary channels. As pore spaces become smaller, boiling points become lower than normal boiling temperatures of the same liquids. The target of this paper is to inspect this phenomenon by physically measuring the boiling points of several solvents and compare them with the calculated boiling temperatures for different capillary structures. Furthermore, the feasibility and accuracy of the Thomson equation is investigated to check its applicability in heavy-oil recovery modelling. To do so, Hele-Shaw cells with several gap thicknesses (0.04, 0.45, 1.02, and 12 mm) are used to measure the boiling points of heptane, heptane-decane mixture, and naphtha. Experiments are repeated for the same solvents on homogeneous and heterogeneous micromodels to observe the phase behavior in a more realistic porous medium. Finally, the effect of surface wettability on boiling temperatures is examined in Hele-Shaw and micromodel experiments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".