Iridescent cellulose nanocrystal films: the link between structural colour and Bragg’s law
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Structural colour is a phenomenon found in nature, which provides plants and animals with vibrant optical properties. The production of this colour is based on the interaction of incident light with the hierarchical organisation of submicron- and micron-sized layered structures. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are anisotropic building units formed by acid hydrolysis of native cellulose microfibers, which can disperse in aqueous media to form a photonic liquid crystal. One fascinating example of the appearance of biomimetic colour is the supramolecular assembly of CNCs into iridescent layered structures that rotate along a helical screw to yield a long-range chiral nematic order. A quick, simple and engaging experiment that allows the establishment of a direct relation between the structural colour and underlying mechanism of the light interaction with these hierarchically structured materials is reported. The obtained colour changes are explained within the theoretical framework provided by Bragg’s law and may provide an easy way to observe the macroscopic manifestation of this often abstract concept.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".