Effect of bio-cementation on geophysical and cone penetration measurements in sands
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a potentially environmentally conscious ground improvement method that can improve the engineering properties of granular soils through the precipitation of calcite. In this study, an experiment involving two 1.7 m diameter tank specimens was completed to investigate the effect of bio-cementation on cone penetrometer and geophysical measurements in sands. Following nonuniform bio-cementation treatments, specimens achieved calcite contents ranging from 0.5% to 5.3% by mass, shear wave velocity (V s ) values between 131 and 967 m/s, and mid-depth cone penetration resistances (q c ) ranging between 3.6 and 32.1 MPa. At calcite contents exceeding 5.0%, q c and V s improvements were as high as 527% and 686%, respectively. Although cone penetration resistance, sleeve friction, and friction ratio measurements exhibited limited sensitivity to bio-cementation at calcite contents of less than 3.0%, V s measurements successfully detected bio-cementation at calcite contents near 1.0%. When q c and V s measurements were compared at similar locations, increases in an empirical parameter (K G ) enabled improved detection of bio-cementation at calcite contents near 0.5%. Large increases in normalized tip resistances (Q tn ) and small decreases in normalized friction ratios (F r ) with increasing bio-cementation resulted in cemented materials plotting near and within the gravelly sand and sand-like dilative soil behavioral type regions using two soil behavior type (SBT) charts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it