Experimental investigation of the scaling of vortex wandering in turbulent surroundings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wandering of a wing-tip vortex in free-stream turbulence was documented by analysis of multi-probe hot-wire measurements in a wind tunnel and flow visualisation and particle image velocimetry measurements in a water tunnel. An error-minimisation approach was applied to the hot-wire measurements to estimate the time history of the location of the vortex axis, whereas flow visualisation from two orthogonal views permitted the reconstruction of relatively long sections of the vortex axis. The amplitude of the wandering motion was found to scale with the turbulence intensity, the core radius and the vortex turnover time; this amplitude was insensitive to changes in the integral length and time scales of the turbulence. The period of the vortex wandering was distributed in the range between 1 and 10 vortex turnover times. The wavelength of wandering was distributed at a relatively long value, which scaled with the vortex turnover time. The velocity of vortex wandering depended on the vortex turnover time, but also contained an additional contribution that was consistent with motion induced by bending waves. The prevalence of the vortex turnover time as the scale for vortex wandering was interpreted as evidence that vortex-induced straining of the free-stream eddies bounds the interaction time between the two, thus limiting the time available for linear and angular momentum transfer.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".