The impact of calcium-rich diamond mining effluent on downstream cladoceran communities in softwater lakes of the Northwest Territories, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effluent from diamond mining operations rich in calcium (Ca) has transformed softwater tundra lakes in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Lakes downstream of the Dominion Diamond Corporation Ekati Mine have experienced marked changes in water chemistry and cladoceran community composition since establishment of the mine in 1998. The greatest changes have occurred at the sites closest to the effluent discharge, with [Ca] increasing from <1 to >30 mg·L −1 and corresponding increases in pH from <7 to >8. A split was identified in the cladoceran communities with Holopedium glacialis (a jelly-clad cladoceran tolerant of low [Ca]) generally dominating the cladoceran community at [Ca] < 2.5 mg·L −1 , while in impacted lakes with [Ca] ≥ 2.5 mg·L −1 , Daphnia longiremis and Daphnia middendorffiana (taxa with higher [Ca] requirements) were often dominant. In contrast, the three study lakes that did not receive mining effluent maintained stable and low [Ca] (mean [Ca] = 0.66 ± 0.06 mg·L −1 (SD)) throughout the monitoring period and have not experienced directional shifts in their cladoceran communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".