The Ambient Groundwater Geochemistry Program: pilot project in northern Ontario Precambrian aquifers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first implementation of the Ambient Groundwater Geochemistry Program (AGGP) in northern Ontario was completed in 2016 in the Sudbury area. The Sudbury program was designed to test if the AGGP could be successful in delineating the effect, on groundwater chemistry, of host rock lithology in northern Precambrian shield aquifers as has been already demonstrated for Paleozoic aquifers of southern Ontario. A second objective of this project was to test the potential for the routine sampling of radiological and radiochemical parameters, including radon and gross alpha-particle and gross beta-particle activity concentrations. Since 2016, the focus of the project has been analyzing the data from the Sudbury area survey and completing a 2017 follow-up project along the north shore of Lake Huron, including Manitoulin Island. In total, 93 overburden and 246 bedrock wells were sampled. This poster illustrates the regional trends and groundwater characteristics observed in the AGGP northern Ontario data thus far. In general, the data indicate fewer water quality related exceedences in the Sudbury area than were observed in southern Ontario. However, a few elements increase in concentration in the Precambrian aquifers of the Sudbury area such as U and Cd. Regional variation in groundwater chemistry was observed and may be controlled by the Precambrian geologic provinces. Bedrock well data from the Grenville Province indicate higher Ca, K and U concentrations than samples north of the Grenville Front. Samples from rocks of the Huronian Supergroup and the Sudbury Basin show relatively high Co, As, Pb and Cu concentrations compared to the Grenville Province. Radioactivity parameters appear to be controlled by the presence of clay rich overburden units rather than bedrock geology. The samples taken from wells that penetrate clay overburden are more alkaline because these older, deeper waters are disconnected from lower pH surface waters. Groundwater samples indicating a road salt NaCl source, as indicated by Cl-Br ratios, have the highest average dissolved oxygen percentage and total coliform relative frequency suggesting interaction with the surface. Some high chloride waters were noted on Manitoulin Island related to connate water in Paleozoic rocks. Future work on Precambrian aquifers will seek to determine if regional geochemical signatures are controlled by lithology, traces of deep formational waters, anthropogenic influences, or smaller scale regional geologic features such as the Sudbury Igneous Complex and associated mineralization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".