Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the seed hardness trait in a black common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was derived from a cross between the hard and soft seeded black bean parents (H68-4 and BK04-001). Eighty-five RILs and the parental lines were grown at two locations in southern Manitoba during years 2014-2016. Seed samples were harvested manually at maturity to test for seed hardness traits. The hydration capacity and stone seed count were estimated by soaking the seeds overnight at room temperature following AACC method 56-35.01. Seed samples from 2016 tests were also cooked to determine effect of seed hardness on cooking quality. For mapping of genomic regions contributing to the traits, the RIL population was genotyped using the genotype by sequencing (GBS) approach. The QTL mapping revealed that in addition to the major QTL on chromosome 7 at a genomic location previously reported to affect seed-hydration, two novel QTL with significant effects were also detected on chromosomes 1 and 2. In addition, a major QTL affecting the visual appeal of cooked bean was mapped on chromosome 4. This multi-year-site study shows that despite large environmental effects, seed hardness is an oligo-genic and highly heritable trait, which is inherited independently of the cooking quality scored as visual appeal of cooked beans. The identification of the QTLs and development of SNP markers associated with seed hardness can be applied for common bean variety improvement and genetic exploitation of these traits.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it