Game Tree Search Based on Nondeterministic Action Scripts in Real-Time Strategy Games
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in recent years toward stronger real-time strategy (RTS) game playing agents. Some of the latest approaches have focused on enhancing standard game tree search techniques with a smart sampling of the search space, or on directly reducing this search space. However, experiments have thus far only been performed using small scenarios. We provide experimental results on the performance of these agents on increasingly larger scenarios. Our main contribution is Puppet Search, a new adversarial search framework that reduces the search space by using scripts that can expose choice points to a look-ahead search procedure. Selecting a combination of a script and decisions for its choice points represents an abstract move to be applied next. Such moves can be directly executed in the actual game, or in an abstract representation of the game state, which can be used by an adversarial tree search algorithm. We tested Puppet Search in μRTS, an abstract RTS game popular within the research community, allowing us to directly compare our algorithm against state-of-the-art agents published in the last few years. We show a similar performance to other scripted and search based agents on smaller scenarios, while outperforming them on larger ones.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".