Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subject of Review: Gupta et al. [Cell 2017; 170: 522-533] have shown that a genetic variant associated with the 5 vascular diseases is a distal regulator of endothelin (ET)-1 gene (EDN1) expression. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the third intron of the PHACTR1 gene, rs9349379, is the potential variant responsible for increased risk of coronary artery disease, and lower risk of migraine, carotid dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, and hypertension. Since ET-1 acts through ET type B receptors (ETBR) on endothelial cells to stimulate the production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin and induce vasodilation, this may contribute to these findings. Second Opinion: However, ET-1 has been demonstrated to play a role in experimental and human hypertension. How can enhanced transcription of EDN1 and translation leading to increased production of ET-1 by endothelial cells play a role in hypertension despite the availability of data that suggest a hypotensive action of ET-1? This could depend on the genetic background of individuals. In some humans, the increased ET-1 vasoconstrictor action on ETAR and ETBR in vascular smooth muscle might predominate over the vasodilator effects exerted via endothelial ETBR, thus resulting in elevated blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Alternatively, hypertension could be attributed to renal actions of ET-1. Either of these pathophysiological actions may explain a hypertensive role of ET-1 despite a lower risk of hypertension associated with the G allele at rs9349379, the common SNP in the PHACTR1 gene that is a distal regulator of EDN1 and leads to an increased expression of ET-1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".