Impaired Secretion of TNF-α by Monocytes Stimulated With EBV Peptides Associates With Infectious Complications After Kidney Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The successful development of immunosuppressive agents has paradoxically led to an era in which adverse effects of immunosuppression, such as infections and cancer, are now a major concern in solid organ recipients. Nevertheless, the main focus of immune monitoring research remains the identification of rejection. There is currently no clinical tool to assess the net state of immunosuppression or to identify patients at increased risk of infectious complications. METHODS: We report a prospective, longitudinal study in which we conducted detailed phenotyping of over 300 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 45 kidney recipients during the first 24 months posttransplant. Patients were classified as cases or controls according to the following events: an opportunistic infection, recurring bacterial infections, or de novo neoplasia. RESULTS: Using a training cohort, an exploratory analysis revealed that the TNFα response to synthetic Epstein-Barr virus peptides by CD14CD16 monocytes was lower in cases. A classifier rule based on 2 or greater consecutive values below a threshold of 73% of TNFα-positive cells provided a sensitivity and specificity of 83%. In the validation cohort, the assay exhibited a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 63%. Analysis of IFNγ responses by T cells showed no correlation with the cases' phenotype. The association between overimmunosuppression status and the monocyte response was independent of age, renal function, and immunosuppressive regimen. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that patients with infectious complications posttransplantation have lower CD14CD16 monocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus peptides. This assay seems promising to help personalize the immunotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".