F1. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES SUGGESTED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DGKB AND ANTIPSYCHOTIC INDUCED WEIGHT GAIN IN EUROPEANS AND AFRICAN AMERICANS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, devastating disorder with a life-time prevalence of 1% irrespective of gender or ethnic group, treated primarily with antipsychotic (AP) medications. Despite clinical efficacy of APs, they are associated with severe side effects including antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). We investigated n=201 schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients of European and African American ancestry who were treated mostly with clozapine or olanzapine. Individuals were genotyped on the Infinium Omni2.5 BeadChip. We conducted genome-wide association analysis for AIWG defined primarily as the percentage of weight change from baseline. Additionally, we ran pathway, enrichment, network, and polygenic risk score analyses to investigate top genes using in silico methods. In the mixed sample, we observed genome-wide significant association between the diacylglycerol kinase beta (DGKB) variant (β=0.411; p=3.15 × 10–9) and percentage of weight change. The association remained nominally significant in both Europeans (β=0.271; p=0.002) and African Americans (β=0.579; p=5.73 × 10–5) for the same risk allele. In Europeans, the top variant (β=0.406; p=1.26 × 10–6) was located upstream of the Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) gene. Bayesian fine mapping suggested the variant nearby SNP upstream of STC2 (p=0.034; PHRED=3.691, posterior prob.=0.496) to be the most significant. We noticed no significant enrichment in metabolic pathways for SNPs, but our top genes (p<5 × 10–5) were enriched in the GWAS catalog for risk of obesity (pmixed=0.018; pEuropeans=0.015) and schizophrenia (pmixed=0.006). Top genes also interacted with known risk factors for obesity (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)) and schizophrenia (NudE Neurodevelopment Protein 1 Like 1 (NDEL1)), and are targeted by microRNAs related to schizophrenia (mir-34a) and obesity (mir-19b). Polygenic risk score analyses did not provide support for major genetic overlap between obesity-related and lipid-associated SNPs and the risk of AIWG. Our findings suggested that a variant in DGKB is associated with the percentage of weight gain in both African Americans and Europeans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.054 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".