Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak in Union Council Khirzan, District Khuzdar Pakistan - 2017
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: On 30th June 2017, district Health Officer (DHO) Khuzdar reported 60 suspected cases of acute gastroenteritis from union council Khirzan 2 days after heavy rains and flood in the area. DHO requested Provincial Disease surveillance and response Unit for investigation. Objective: On 1st July 2017 a team was deputed to confirm outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A case was defined as sudden onset of 3 or more episodes of loose stools per day with or without vomiting in a resident of UC Khirzan District Khuzdar from 28th June to 4th July 2017. Active case finding was done in affected village and records of Rural Health Center were reviewed. A case control study was conducted. Age and sex matched controls were enrolled in a ratio of 1:1. Water sources and toilet facilities were assessed. Three water samples from water stream and household wells were taken and sent to NIH Islamabad. Results: A total of 105 cases were identified with an overall attack rate of 1.08%. No deaths were recorded. Mean age was 27 years (range = 1 to 70 years). Males were more affected n=54 (51%). Most affected age group was 0-4 years (n=29, 27.6%) with attack rate 0.3%. Dehydration (n=95, 94%), nausea (n=80, 76.1%) and vomiting (n=70, 66.6%) were most frequent symptoms. About 95% of people practiced open defecation. About 78% of cases used stream water (OR= 11.40, 95% CI: 5.98-21.73) while 22% used well water (OR= 0.087, 95% CI: 0.046-0.167). Lab results showed coliform and fecal coliform organisms in stream water sample. Conclusions: The most probable cause of outbreak was fecal contamination of stream water after floods. On recommendations of this study, community started boiling water before use and local authorities also distributed chlorine tablets for disinfecting water along with awareness regarding usage of latrines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".