Un lion des cavernes (Panthera (Leo) spelaea) exploité au Dryas récent : les données du gisement du Peyrat (Saint-Rabier, Dordogne, France)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans les années 1960, les fouilles du gisement du Peyrat (Saint-Rabier, Dordogne) par A. Cheynier ont livré un abondant matériel lithique et osseux, rapporté au Magdalénien et à l’Azilien. La stratigraphie complexe, décrite à partir de cinq tranchées profondes, comprend une dizaine de couches d’inégale puissance dans lesquelles de très nombreux vestiges paléontologiques ont été recueillis. Ponctuellement déterminée (carnets de terrain de Cheynier) à partir de restes dentaires, la faune se compose principalement du renne et du cerf. La révision de quelques pièces paléontologiques déterminables a permis à l’un des auteurs (SM) d’identifier la présence du lion des cavernes à partir d’une colonne vertébrale sub-complète (sept vertèbres cervicales, six vertèbres thoraciques, six vertèbres lombaires), rapportée à un individu mâle. La présence de ce Félidé dans un contexte stratigraphique de l’extrême fin du Tardiglaciaire, dans un horizon culturel azilien récent, est étayée par une date radiométrique directe de 10590 ± 70 BP (SacA-38311), soit -10755/-10455 cal BC (2 σ). Cette date est, à ce jour, la plus récente jamais obtenue pour cette espèce à l’échelle eurasiatique. De plus, deux vertèbres (atlas, 12e vertèbre thoracique) présentent des traces de découpe. Le présent article dresse un bilan géo-chronologique des restes du lion des cavernes dans le Sud-Ouest de la France (nord Aquitaine – versant sud des Pyrénées) et souligne l’intérêt des gisements régionaux dans les études taphonomiques et zooarchéologiques concernant la disparition de la grande faune glaciaire. In the 1960s, excavations of the archaeological site of Le Peyrat (Saint-Rabier, Dordogne) by A. Cheynier delivered an important lithic and bone sample, related to the Magdalenian and to the Azilian cultures. A complex stratigraphy, mainly described from 5 deep trenches, includes about ten layers of uneven thickness yielding numerous paleontological remains. The macrofauna was summary identified (Cheynier’s field notes) and mainly consists of reindeer and red deer remains. A first revision of faunal remains by one of the Authors (SM) allows to identify a sub-complete vertebral column (i.e. 7 cervical vertebrae, 6 thoracic vertebrae and 6 lumbar vertebrae) belonging to a cave lion male. The presence of this large Felid in a recent Late Glacial stratigraphical level (Late Azilian), is supported by a direct radiocarbon date of 10590 ± 70 BP (SacA-38311), or 10755/-10455 cal BC (2 σ). So far, this date is the most recent ever obtained for this species in Eurasia. Furthermore, cutmarks were found on two vertebrae (atlas and 12th thoracic vertebra). The present article is a survey of the geo-chronological distribution of the cave lion in Southwestern France (from North Aquitaine up to the Spanish Pyrenees) and underlines the importance of regional sites in taphonomic and zooarchaeological studies dealing with the extinction of the large cold fauna during Late Glacial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".