Impact of salt reduction in meals consumed during hemodialysis sessions on interdialytic weight gain and hemodynamic stability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are advised to limit daily water- and salt intake to reduce interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). To counterbalance protein-losses, protein-rich meals are sometimes provided during HD sessions, but their salt content is not always taken into account. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a lower salt content of meals provided during HD sessions on IDWG, blood pressure (BP), and hemodynamic stability during dialysis. METHODS: This monocentric, interventional study was proposed to all the patients treated with three weekly HD sessions. The first two months of the study (high salt period), the patients continued to receive one sandwich containing 2.4 g of salt per session. Then, we reduced its salt content from 2.4 to 1.4 g, and patients received this "low-salt sandwich" at each dialysis session for four months. The mean values of IDWG, BP, and dry weight of the first two months were compared with those collected during the low salt periods (2-6 months). FINDINGS: Forty out of 76 patients who initially agreed to participate were free of hospitalization, transplantation, and transfer to another center or death during the study period and were included in the final analysis (35% women). Median age was 63 years (range 28-90), 22.5% had a residual diuresis > 0.5 L/day. IDWG baseline decreased from 2.17 ± 0.98 to 2.03 ± 1 kg (P = 0.001) two months and to 2.09 ± 1.01 kg (P = 0.009) four months after we had lowered the salt content of the sandwich. The number of symptomatic intradialytic hypotension was also reduced (6.1% vs., respectively, 3.2% and 3.3% of HD sessions; P = 0.004). DISCUSSION: IDWG was reduced and hemodynamic stability improved after the reduction of the salt content of perdialytic meals. This suggests that salt consumed during HD matters and might influence salt and water intake outside the dialysis unit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".