Environment and Financial Performance: Case of the Canadian Petroleum Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Socio-environmental responsibility is at the center of the debate. As a result, companies operating in polluting industries find themselves facing the wall in the face of increased stakeholder demands for compliance with environmental regulations. They are now called upon to make public their socio-environmental actions via their annual financial statements and their sustainable development reports. The socio-environmental performance is thus measurable through the certification systems of which we quote ISO14001 and OHSAS18001. This brings ideas closer to the company and its stakeholders. But the sign and the magnitude of the relationship between socio-environmental and financial performance do not reach consensus among researchers. Our objective is to measure this relationship in the case of companies, socially-environmentally responsible, operating in the Canadian petroleum industry.Our sample consists of 23 certified companies operating in the Canadian oil industry. Of these companies, 17 are not classified as socially responsible by Corporate Knights Magazine, an organization that identifies the top 50 most environmentally responsible companies in Canada. The other six are according to the same instance. In our analysis, we use the ROA as a measure of the financial performance of the companies in our evaluation sample. To measure the effect of certification on financial performance, we consider an evaluation period of 5 years before the first certification of companies and 5 years after this certification. A regression of the ROA after certification on the ROA before certification allows us to measure this relationship. The results show that certification is beneficial for companies in terms of economic spin-offs. This is more pronounced among certified companies but also recognized as being socio-environmentally responsible. Keywords. Certification, IS014001, OHSAS 18001, environmental performance, financial performance, Corporate Knights Magazine, ROA.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".