Genetic structure of potato breeding germplasm from Embrapa.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main staple food in the world.It is cultivated for direct consumption, as well as for processed food products.In potato breeding there is an ongoing challenge to search for cultivars that meet the needs from both markets.Thus, it is essential to potato breeding programs to explore efficiently the genetic variability found in the germplasm available to attend these demands.The objective of this work was to study the genetic structure present in the germplasm from the Embrapa work collection breeding program.One hundred and thirty-one genotypes were characterized with seven microsatellite (SSR) loci.This germplasm comprises cultivars and advanced clones from Brazilian breeding programs, as well as from others countries (Netherlands, Hungary, Argentina, Germany, United States, Peru, Ireland, Canada, India, Chile, France and Italy).In the molecular characterization a total of 28 alleles were identified.The average number of alleles per SSR locus was four, ranging from three to six.The analysis of principal coordinates, based on the dissimilarity matrix generated by the using Jaccard coefficient, showed the two first components explaining 17.03% of the total variation, respectively 10.54% and 6.49%.Although the dispersion of the 131 genotypes in the two first coordinates did not reveal clearly the formation of distinct groups, the cultivars released after 1990 by the Embrapa's potato breeding program were located in the lower portion of the graph, showing a tendency of isolation from the others genotypes.To verify if the genetic variability found in germplasm developed in Brazil is different from that of other countries, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed, which was not significant.It indicates that there is no subdivision in the potato germplasm that was analyzed according to its origin.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that although the germplasm of the Embrapa breeding program is not clearly subdivided, considering clustering of the recently released cultivars, there is a trend of narrowing the genetic base that is actually being used by the program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".