A Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis Patient With Diffuse Nodules in the Tracheobronchial Mucosa Observed by Bronchoscopy Misdiagnosed as Lung Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is a special form of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) whose major feature is the infection of the tracheobronchial tree by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . TBTB is diagnosed on histopathological examination of bronchoscopically obtained specimens showing granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and/or positive acid-fast bacilli culture on the microbiological exam. Before bronchoscopy, TBTB is easily misdiagnosed as other lung diseases. This case presentation reports a patient with stable stage pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) initially misdiagnosed as lung infection before bronchoscopy. Furthermore, sputum smears do not reveal acid-fast bacilli. After being bronchoscopied, the patient showed diffuse nodules in the tracheobronchial mucosa. Sputum culture by rapid liquid method shows positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis . This case can easily be missed diagnosis. It is necessary that bronchoscopy can be a routine means to screen TBTB among the patients with retreated PTB. One rare case was reported. Bronchoscopy showed the presence of diffuse miliary nodules in the mucosa of bilateral bronchi. Pathological examination revealed caseating necrotic granuloma. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by rapid liquid culture. Our case was extremely difficult to diagnose the TBTB without abnormal chest X-ray or computed tomography manifestations. By regular anti-TB treatment with 9 months course, the patient was finally cured with negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis and almost normal tracheobronchial mucosa. Clin Infect Immun. 2018;3(1):32-35 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cii78e
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".