Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) Vaccine for Inducing and Maintaining Remission in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine may act as an immune stimulant. The aim of this review was to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for induction and maintenance of remission in CD. Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effect of BCG vaccine for induction and maintaining remission of CD among adult patients. Risk ratio (RR) for inducing and maintaining remission of CD, 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results and Discussion: Only one study fulfilled the inclusion criteria for induction of remission of active CD. The study compared oral BCG vaccine versus placebo for active CD. RR for induction of remission was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.05-2.98). One study fulfilled inclusion criteria for maintaining remission. Nineteen patients in each arm completed the study to the end of 12 months. RR for maintaining remission was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.14- 1.59). The evidence was graded as of high or unclear risk of bias. Conclusion: Although, the current evidence does not support the use of BCG vaccine in induction or maintenance of remission for CD, further studies are required because of the non-significant reductions seen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".