Geochemistry of elements associated with Late Permian coal in the Zhongliangshan mine, Chongqing, Southwest China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The enrichment and geochemical significance of elements associated with Late Permian coals in Southwest China have always gained widespread interest in the field of coal geology. The present study focuses on the geochemical characterization of Late Permian coal in the Zhongliangshan mine. Twenty-three samples were collected from the K1a coal seam of the Zhongliangshan mine, and the major and trace elements in the coal were analyzed by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The composition of minerals in the Zhongliangshan coal, and the modes of occurrence of coal-associated elements, especially those with elevated contents, were studied through a combination of microscopic analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The minerals in coal mainly consist of kaolinite, pyrite, calcite, and quartz, as well as small amount of gypsum and anatase. Compared with the average elemental concentrations in world coal, the Zhongliangshan coal is enriched in Cr, and slightly enriched in Li, U, Sr, V and Ag. Combining the correlation analysis and sequential chemical extraction experiments, it can be inferred that many trace elements in the Zhongliangshan coal have both inorganic and organic affinities. The elements Cr, Li, and V mainly occur in clay minerals, and also are related to organic matter in the coal. Uranium presents firstly in the organic and then silicate states. Strontium shows multiple modes of occurrence including carbonate, silicate, and exchangeable ion states, and Ag primarily occurs in sulfides followed by silicates. The terrigenous debris input from the Emeishan basalt is the major reason for the enrichment of above elements in the Zhongliangshan coal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".