The development of the Glamorgan County Lunatic Asylum and Mental Hospital
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines the establishment and development of the Glamorgan County Lunatic Asylum (later Mental Hospital) in the context of provision generally in England and Wales. From the early nineteenth century there was increasing interest in dealing with the plight of people with a mental illness including legislation to set up asylums at a cost to public funds. There was initial optimism that, provided a patient was admitted early enough, there was a good chance of recovery but in practice the numbers admitted to public and private institutions overwhelmed limited provision. In 1845 Quarter Sessions were compelled to establish public asylums. Increasingly they became overcrowded due to a lack of cures and the propensity for families to admit chronically ill relatives. In the eyes of many they became ‘custodial’ rather than ‘curative’ institutions and legislation in 1890 emphasised the legalistic nature of such provision. No change was introduced until 1930 when a number of reforms were introduced including the concept of a ‘voluntary patient’. The Glamorgan Asylum at Angelton, Bridgend, did not open until 1864 and the reasons for the delay are examined together with an assessment of the provision made in its absence. Once established it was soon full and after many years of deliberation an additional facility was opened in 1887 a few miles away at Parc Gwyllt. Overcrowding led to Cardiff and Swansea County Borough Councils setting up their own asylums in 1908 and 1932 respectively. Some medical progress was made in the latter part of the nineteenth century and early twentieth and Cardiff Mental Hospital, with its newer facilities and no overcrowding, was in the forefront of developments while Glamorgan with its older premises and less forward looking staff together with financial restrictions fared less well. The context for these themes is set out in the literature review in the first chapter and the subsequent five chapters deal with developments over the period down to 1930. 60,494 words
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".