Identifying CTX-M Resistance Gene Beta-lactamase in the Separated Escherichia Coli from Urine Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Khoramabad, Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The most important factor in resistance to cephalosporin is Escherichia coli bacteria producing Extended SpectrumBeta Lactamases (ESBLs). Over the past decade, CTX-M enzymes have been the most common type of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in Europe, Canada and Asia. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study the prevalence of E. coli bacteria producing ESBL and CTX-M-I group with molecular method. There were totally gathered 257 urine samples from 12 medical laboratories in Khoramabad. After culturing them on EMB agar environment at 37°C for 24 h and biochemical testing for confirmation, there were isolated 100 samples of 257 samples of Escherichia coli. Presence of CTX-M gene was studied by PCR method on the separated isolates in diagnostic tests of Diffusion agar disk and combined disk. There were 31 (31%) strains of ESBL producing out of 100 examined strains. PCR process to detect CTX-M genes showed that 16 out of 31 strains of ESBL (51.161%) contained the considered gene. The results of this study show high percentage of beta-lactamases resistant among E. coli strains. This indicates a serious public danger that all measures must be taken to avoid this danger.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".