Comparison between polyethylene glycol and tributyl citrate to modify the properties of wood fiber/polylactic acid biocomposites
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and tributyl citrate (TBC) are proposed to modify the properties of wood fiber (WF, 20 wt%)‐reinforced polylactide (PLA, 80 wt%) biocomposites. The reinforcing and toughening effects of these additives were systematically investigated by comparing their mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. It was found that 5 wt% TBC improved the compatibility between WF and PLA and resulted in increased tensile strength (15%) and thermal stability (4%) of the biocomposites compared with those of unmodified biocomposites. The glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity of TBC‐modified biocomposites were lower than those of PEG biocomposites. In addition, the storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of TBC‐modified biocomposites were effectively improved at low TBC content (5–10 wt%), whereas reduced properties were obtained when the same PEG content was added. As wettability is always a problem in biocomposites, the contact angle was not changed with TBC content (up to 20 wt%), and a linear decrease was observed with a PEG content up to 30 wt%. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1384–1394, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it