TIME-DOMAIN RESPONSE OF DAMPED LINEAR STRUCTURES USING FIRST-ORDER GHM FINITE ELEMENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of “GHM” finite-elements is a technique that can be used to incorporate general linear viscoelastic behaviour, i.e., general linear material dynamic behaviour including damping, into time-domain structural dynamics models. The original second-order form of the method has been published previously. This paper introduces the use of the first-order form of the GHM method. This first-order form and its second-order predecessor enable and encourage the incorporation of measured material linear viscoelastic properties. The constant coefficient form necessary for state-space methods is retained, while additional coordinates are added to represent the material properties. The use of a selectable number of modulus function terms allows arbitrarily good representation of general viscoelastic behaviour over a given spectrum of known material response. The method is applied to a prototype shock response problem for illustration. This class of problem is significant in that the excitation and therefore the dynamic response is “broadband”. A model that incorporates material damping must be similarly broadband in its representation of material behaviour, otherwise the model will be incapable of producing a consistent prediction of structural response. In the sample problem, the GHM model is applied to actual viscoelastic material whose behaviour is neither simple viscous nor simple hysteretic.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".