Phylogenomic analysis of Ranunculales resolves branching events across the order
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poppies (Papaver), columbines (Aquilegia), buttercups (Ranunculus) and related species, are members of the order Ranunculales, the sister lineage to all other eudicots. Using coalescent and concatenated methods to analyse alignments of 882 putatively single copy genes, we have developed a robust phylogenetic tree including 27 species representing all major lineages of Ranunculales and most tribes of Papaveraceae. This first phylogenomic analysis including examples of Ranunculales, asterids, caryophillids and rosids provides the necessary foundation for future investigations of character evolution in Ranunculales. For example, the production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids with known and potential pharmaceutical applications is largely restricted to Ranunculales. Understanding species relationships in the order is critical for understanding the evolution of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis across Ranunculales, including the production of morphine and codeine in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Analysis of gene tree discordance in selected portions of the phylogenetic tree suggests that the few observed differences between trees derived from supermatrix and coalescent-based summary analyses are attributable to incomplete lineage sorting. Discordance between gene tree and species tree inferences should be taken into account in future comparative analyses of character evolution in Ranunculales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".