0112 Sleep-Dependent Motor Sequence Memory Consolidation in Individuals with Periodic Limb Movements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Periodic limb movements (PLMs) during sleep increase with age and are associated with striatal neurodegeneration and dopamine deficiency. Limb movements are often associated with disruptions to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Motor skill memory consolidation recruits the striatum and learning-dependent striatal activation is associated with NREM sleep. Therefore, we investigated whether individuals who experience significantly elevated levels of PLMs (but have not been formally diagnosed with periodic limb movement disorder) had learning and sleep-related memory deficits, and whether these deficits were related to sleep quality and symptom severity. In total, 14 adults with PLMs (PLM group), 15 age-matched controls (CTRL group), and 14 age-matched “disturbed sleep” controls (by inducing leg movements via transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation; CTRL-ES group) participated. All participants underwent a baseline and an experimental night of sleep. On the experimental night, participants were trained (10PM) and retested (10AM) on a procedural motor sequence learning (MSL) task. The post-training sleep of the CTRL-ES group was disturbed by experimentally induced leg movements. Baseline sleep quality (e.g., total sleep time, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings and wake after sleep onset) was significantly worse in PLM than in CTRL. Despite the continued presence of PLMs in the PLM group on the experimental night, remarkably, sleep quality improved and arousals decreased, vs. baseline, and did not differ from CTRL. MSL was significantly slower in the PLM group than in CTRLs at training but, surprisingly, exhibited overnight performance gains, which correlated with reduced arousals. As predicted, CTRL, but not CTRL-ES, had overnight gains in MSL. Taken together, this suggests that following MSL, sleep quality was normalized in individuals who suffer from PLMs, where they derived the same benefit of sleep to procedural memory consolidation as CTRLs. These results suggest that MSL in individuals with PLMs may provide a benefit to sleep, which in turn may benefit memory consolidation. This research was funded by a Canada Excellence Research Chair Grant to AMO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".