Dietary D-xylose effects on growth performance, portal nutrient fluxes, and energy expenditure in growing pigs1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Xylanase is commonly added to pig diets rich in arabinoxylans to promote nutrient utilization and growth. However, high doses of xylanase could release high amounts of xylose in the upper gut, which could have negative nutritional and metabolic implications. However, the amount of xylose to elicit such adverse effects is not clear. Thus, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary xylose on the growth performance and portal-drained viscera (PDV) fluxes of glucose (GLU), urea-N (BUN), insulin production, and O2 consumption in growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 64 pigs (21.4 ± 0.1 kg BW), housed as either two barrows or gilts per pen (eight pens per diet) were used to determine the effects of increasing levels of D-xylose (0, 5, 15, and 25%) in a corn-soybean meal-cornstarch-based diet on pig growth performance in a 28-d trial. Cornstarch was substituted for D-xylose (wt/wt) in the control diet. BW and feed intake were monitored weekly. D-xylose linearly reduced (P < 0.05) final BW, ADG, and G:F but not ADFI. However, final BW, ADG, and G:F of pigs fed 15% D-xylose did not differ from pigs fed 0% D-xylose. Thus, the results suggested that pigs could tolerate up to 15% dietary D-xylose. In Exp. 2, six gilts (22.8 ± 1.6 kg BW), fitted with permanent catheters in the portal vein, ileal vein, and carotid artery, were fed the 0% and 15% D-xylose diets at 4% of their BW once daily at 0900 h for 7 d in a cross-over design (six pigs per diet). On d 7, pigs were placed in indirect calorimeters to measure whole-animal O2 consumption and sample blood simultaneously for 6 h from the portal vein and carotid artery after feeding to assay GLU, O2, BUN, and insulin concentrations. Net portal nutrients and insulin production were calculated as porto-arterial concentration differences × portal blood flow (PBF) rate, whereas PDV O2 consumption was calculated as arterial-portal O2 differences × PBF. Diet had no effect on postprandial PBF, insulin production, and portal BUN flux and O2 consumption. Pigs fed 0% D-xylose had greater (P < 0.05) postprandial portal and arterial BUN concentrations, and portal GLU concentration and flux than pigs fed 15% D-xylose diet. In conclusion, feeding growing pigs a diet containing 15% D-xylose did not reduce pig performance or affect PDV energetic demand but reduced GLU fluxes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".