0211 Odds Ratio Product: A Measure of Sleep Homeostasis Following Prolonged Wakefulness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Odds ratio product (ORP) is a continuous index of sleep depth derived from the relation of EEG powers in different frequency ranges to each other. It ranges from 0 (pattern only occurring during sleep) to 2.5 (pattern only occurring during wakefulness or in arousals). An ORP of 1.25 indicates a pattern with an equal probability of occurring during wakefulness or sleep. ORP has shown excellent correlation with arousability. Sleep deprivation triggers a homeostatic response in subsequent recovery sleep. We further characterized the properties of ORP by assessing its response on recovery sleep following prolonged sleep deprivation. 202 adults (mean age 28.1 ± 7.5 years; mean BMI 24.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2) with apnea-hypopnea and periodic limb movement indices <5 events/hr performed polysomnograms before and following a 36-hr sleep deprivation. ORP values from C3 and C4 signals were generated at 3-s intervals and averaged over NREM sleep (ORPNR). To assess the effects of sleep deprivation on ORP, we compared ORPNR in each participant on the baseline and recovery nights. Compared to baseline values, ORPNR decreased in recovery sleep in 189 subjects (94%) (mean±SD 0.57 ± 0.17 vs. 0.84 ± 0.20 (p =1E-54). An increase in delta and theta (collectively 0.33–6.3 Hz) powers, the conventional indicators of increased sleep pressure following sleep deprivation, occurred in 146 (72%) and 178 (88%), respectively. Beta power (16–35 Hz) decreased in 176 subjects (87%) during the recovery night. Subjects who had the highest ORP at baseline (lighter sleep) had the highest ORP during recovery, and vice versa (r=0.62; p=2E-22). The decrease in ORP on recovery sleep following sleep deprivation provides further strong evidence that ORP is a clinically useful measure of sleep depth. The apparent increase in sensitivity of ORP over conventional indices of sleep depth is likely related to the fact that ORP is a more inclusive index that is influenced not only by changes in slow frequencies but also by changes in beta power, which decreased following sleep deprivation. NIH 1P01-1HL094307.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".