Combining Facile Synthetic Methods with Greener Processing for Efficient Polymer‐Perylene Diimide Based Organic Solar Cells
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Through ease of scalability and facile synthetic methods, eight N‐annulated perylene diimide dimers with different aliphatic chains are synthesized and evaluated as non‐fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs). Optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to characterize the materials. Variation of the length and topology of the aliphatic chains attached at the pyrrolic N ‐position is shown to have minimal effect on properties in solution. As films, the use of a branched aliphatic chains results in the dimer exhibiting a low energy shoulder in the absorption spectrum and a narrower emission band. OSCs are fabricated and tested in air, at room temperature, using an inverted architecture. The polymer PTB7‐Th is used as the donor and all active layers are processed from 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran. OSC power conversion efficiencies are shown to vary from 3.7%–5.4% for OSCs. The dimer with 2‐ethylhexyl aliphatic chains is selected for optimization because of a high organic solvent solubility and excellent film formation properties. Use of the solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane during film formation lead to an increase in efficiency to 6.6%, while halogen‐free processed OSCs reach 6%. This result offers a simple method for materials side‐chain engineering for the development of OSCs processed in air from eco friendly solvents.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it