A Wide-Tunning-Range Low-Phase-Noise Colpitts Oscillator with Variable Capacitive Feedback
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a technique to extend the tuning range (TR) of Colpitts complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). To achieve a wide tuning range, we use variable capacitive feedback to extend the tuning range while achieving lower phase noise (PN) than that of the conventional Colpitts VCOs. In addition, the structure benefits from the dynamic forward-body self-biased technique to reduce the power consumption and facilitate the start-up condition. As a proof-of-concept, a 28-GHz Colpitts oscillator, which is suitable for 5G wireless applications, is designed and laid out in a 65-nm CMOS process. Post-layout simulations in conjunction with electromagnetic (EM) simulations confirm the improved performance of the proposed technique. Based on the simulation results, the VC O achieves a PN of -115.7 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset, and TR of ~34.5% resulting in a figure of merit incorporating the tuning range (FOMt) of -189 dBc/Hz. The circuit consumes 4.3 mW from a 1-V supply and excluding the pads occupies a 0.12 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".