Importance of CD109 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Psoriasis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, leukocyte infiltration, and alterations in cytokine production. Recent work documented that the inappropriately activated T helper cells 1 and 17 lymphocytes play a critical role in disease initiation and progression by elaborating an array of inflammatory cytokines that deregulate normal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. The key signal to suppress keratinocyte growth is the transforming growth factor (3 (TGF-β) protein, the expression of which is documented to be increased in psoriatic patients. Despite the observed upregulation in TGF-β signal, psoriatic keratinocytes continue to proliferate in response to other signals. Thus, there appears to be discordance between high levels of TGF-β at a lesion site and increased keratinocyte growth. Recently we identified CD109, a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, as a novel regulator of the TGF-β signaling. CD109 is expressed on the keratinocyte cell surface and is released via an endogenous lipase into the extracellular milieu. Membrane-anchored CD109 has been documented to bind the TGF-β protein as well as interact with the TGF-β receptor and alter its stability and function. We describe here the paradoxical discordance between high TGF-β levels and the lack of proliferation inhibition in psoriatic skin. We also highlight the possible importance of CD109 as a critical TGF-β signaling modulator in psoriasis. Further understanding of CD109 and TGF-β signaling in psoriasis may lead to development of new, effective therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".