Protein C and Anti-Thrombin-III Deficiency in Children With Beta-Thalassemia
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic events (TEEs) are recently described complications in thalassemia patients. Many mechanisms were postulated for thrombosis. Conflicting results of natural anticoagulants values were reported in previous studies. Our aim was to investigate protein C and anti-thrombin-III (AT-III) levels in thalassemics and to detect risk factors for their decrement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study for 60 beta-thalassemia patients (35 major and 25 intermedia) and 35 healthy children were tested for protein C and AT-III levels, liver function tests and Sr. ferritin. RESULTS: A significant reduction in protein C and AT-III levels was noticed in patient group compared to healthy children (82.50% (32 - 175) vs. 104% (60 - 204), P = 0.041 and 237.52 ± 53.19 mg/L vs. 322.99 ± 56.57 mg/L, P value ≤ 0.001, respectively). Protein C was lower among older patients (> 10 years) than younger patients (< 10 years), and splenectomized category than non-splenectomized one (P = 0.02 and 0.011, respectively). AT-III was significantly lower among splenectomized patients as compared to those who did not undergo splenectomy (P = 0.04). Significant correlations were found between protein C and AT-III with older age and liver functions. CONCLUSIONS: Protein C and AT-III were significantly lower among thalassemics with the main risk factors for their deficiencies being: splenectomy and increasing age. This allows establishment of early prophylactic policy against TEE for the vulnerable group.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it