Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis (AAV), the treatment of choice is either Rituximab or cyclophosphamide in combination with steroids. In less extended forms of AAV, however, less toxic regimens are being used.In the current review, we will focus on the role of one of these less toxic regimens, that is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy as induction treatment or as maintenance therapy in AAV. RECENT FINDINGS: A substantial portion of patients with active granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) limited to the upper airways can be initially controlled with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (2 × 960 mg/day) monotherapy. In patients with initially a complete response, long-term control of the disease seems possible. In addition, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (2 × 960 mg/day) maintenance therapy is an option for patients with GPA that have been proven to be frequent relapsers. The mechanism by which trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole works in GPA is at present unknown. Suppression of Staphylococcus aureus carriage and/or anti-inflammatory mechanisms has been postulated. SUMMARY: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be considered as a safe initial treatment in GPA patients with disease localized to the ear, nose, and throat region. Furthermore, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a dose of 2 × 960 mg/day may be used to prevent relapses in GPA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".