Is the Cushing mechanism a dynamic blood pressure-stabilizing system? Insights from Granger causality analysis of spontaneous blood pressure and cerebral blood flow
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) regulation is widely recognized as being integral to the control of end-organ perfusion, but it remains unclear whether end-organ perfusion also plays a role in driving changes in BP. A randomized and placebo-controlled study design was followed to examine feedback relationships between very-low-frequency fluctuations in BP and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans under placebo treatment and α 1 -adrenergic blockade. To determine the causal relations among hemodynamic variables, BP, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), and end-tidal CO 2 time-series were decimated, low-pass filtered (<0.07 Hz), fitted to vector autoregressive models, and tested for Granger causality in the time domain. Results showed that 1) at baseline, changes in BP and MCAv often interact in a closed-loop; and 2) α 1 -adrenergic blockade results in the dominant causal direction from BP to MCAv. These results suggest that, between subjects, cerebral pressure-flow interactions at time scales < 0.07 Hz are frequently bidirectional, and that in the presence of an intact autonomic nervous system BP may be regulated by reflex pathways sensitive to changes in CBF.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it