Characteristics of pain, other symptoms and function in pediatric post‐thrombotic syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Essentials Unlabelled Box •Symptoms and function in pediatric post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) remain poorly characterized. •Clinical features of PTS were studied in 78 children with history of limb deep vein thrombosis. •Tired limb, heaviness, pain, and impaired endurance were the most frequent clinical findings. •Frequency of symptoms and of impaired endurance were similar in upper and lower extremities. •Pain was associated with the presence of other symptoms and impaired function. Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation Background Symptoms and function in pediatric post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) remain poorly characterized. Methods The present cross‐sectional study describes the characteristics of pain, other symptoms, and impaired function in pediatric PTS in a cohort of children with history of upper or lower limb deep vein thrombosis and PTS diagnosis. The frequency of clinical findings was compared between patients with and without pain, and between patients with upper and lower extremity PTS. Results Seventy‐eight children were included in the study. The most common PTS symptoms were pain, tired limb and heaviness. Symptoms were usually reported to occur at mid‐day or later and were typically triggered by exercise. Half the patients reported impaired endurance. Pain was reported by 45% of patients and was usually mild‐moderate. Heaviness, tightness, tired limb, paresthesia, self‐reported limb edema, and impaired endurance were most common in patients with than in patients without pain. Conversely, activity and participation scores, skin redness, and clinician‐assessed limb edema did not differ between patients with and without pain. Lastly, there was no difference in pain intensity or frequency of paresthesia, swelling, heaviness, or impaired endurance when comparing the upper and lower extremities. Conclusion Tired limb, heaviness, pain, and impaired endurance were the most frequent clinical findings in pediatric PTS. Frequency of symptoms and pain intensity did not differ between upper and lower extremities. Pain was associated with the presence of other symptoms and impaired function, but not with activity limitation and participation restriction. Better tools are needed to measure these two latter aspects of health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".