A FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION FOR LAMINATED ELASTIC - PIEZOELECTRIC PLATES USING A DISCRETE LAYER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dynamics of multilayer elastic structures with embedded or surface piezoelectric layers is investigated in this article. The dynamics of such systems in various configurations (sensing or actuating layers) involves the solution of coupled electro-mechanical equations that describe the elastic variable in the laminate and the electric variables in the piezoelectric layers. This article is concerned with an efficient and accurate modeling of thin elastic-piezoelectric plane laminates using a discrete-layer approach. In contrast to other approaches that require a discretization of the laminate through its thickness, the proposed approach assumes linear variations of elastic displacements and electric potentials through each layer of the laminate, and uses displacement and shear stress continuity requirements at the interface between layers in order to condense the elastic degrees of freedom of the problem. The independent variables of the laminate are the elastic variables of a reference layer and the electric potentials of each piezoelectric layer. Formulations and numerical results are presented for the free vibrations of elastic-piezoelectric laminates in various configurations (closed or open electrodes), and for the actuation by a piezoelectric layer, or in the response of a sensory piezoelectric layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".