Effect of Channel Diameter and Liquid Property on Void Fraction in Adiabatic Two-Phase Flow Through Microchannels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adiabatic two-phase flow experiment have been conducted to investigate the effects of channel diameter and liquid property on void fraction in horizontal microchannels. Water/nitrogen gas and ethanol-water/nitrogen gas mixtures were pumped through circular microchannels of 50, 75, 100 and 251 μm diameter. The concentration of ethanol in water was varied to change the surface tension and liquid viscosity. The void fraction data were obtained by an image analysis technique and correlated as a function of homogeneous void fraction. The void fraction data in channels with a diameter between 50 and 100 μm conformed well to Kawahara et al.’s (2002) correlation, but the data for a 251 μm diameter channel agreed with the Armand correlation (1946) suitable for minichannels. There was no significant effect of liquid properties on void fraction for all the channel sizes. Thus, these results suggest that the boundary between microchannels and minichannels would lie between 100 and 251 μm, and not be sensitive to the fluid property.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".