Marked accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose and inflammatory cells expressing glucose transporter‐3 in immunoglobulin G4‐related autoimmune hepatitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a recently proposed subtype that responds well to steroid treatment; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. We report here a 65‐year‐old Japanese woman with skin itching and lip swelling. She had liver injury with jaundice, which persisted despite stopping anti‐allergic agents. Blood chemistry revealed highly elevated serum IgG and IgG4 (535 mg/dL) levels, and positive anti‐nuclear antibody. The diagnosis of AIH was based on liver biopsy. Notably, the IgG4 + /IgG + cell ratio was 85%. On fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography, robust signal intensity was found in the liver, and in enlarged lymph nodes and salivary glands with confirmed IgG4 + cell infiltration. Immunofluorescence analysis of the liver biopsy specimen indicated clear expression of glucose transporter‐3 (Glut‐3) in IgG4 + inflammatory cells infiltrating into the portal area. This is the first report of simultaneous strong accumulation of FDG and Glut‐3 expression in IgG4‐related AIH, which might aid in elucidating the pathogenesis of this disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".