Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 and Health Effects of Particulate Exposure in Asthma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Acute exposure to ambient particle matter is associated with increased levels of the cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) biomarker, urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4), in subjects with asthma. Objectives The role of CysLTs in mediating asthma worsening after particulate matter exposures was explored. Methods Daily concentrations of particulate matter of 2.5 μm and smaller diameter (PM2.5) and repeated measurements of albuterol use over a 5-month period were collected in 44 urban school children with persistent asthma. DNA was analyzed for gene polymorphisms on genes involved in the CysLT pathway to identify gene–environment interactions. An experimental challenge study in 16 adults with mild, nonpersistent asthma was performed to define biological pathways explaining these gene–environment interactions. Subjects in the challenge study were exposed on two different days to filtered air or diesel exhaust (300 μg PM2.5/m3). FEV1 and CysLT-related gene DNA methylation and messenger RNA expression changes were measured before and 6 hours after exposure challenges. Results In school children with asthma, associations between PM2.5 and school-time albuterol usage were significantly greater in those with the variant C allele in the CysLT receptor 1 (CysLTR1) rs320995 locus (5.4% increase per interquartile range PM2.5 increase) compared with those homozygous for the wild-type T allele (1.6% decrease; P = 0.005 for allele × PM2.5 interaction). In the challenge study, declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second after diesel exhaust exposure were associated with lower CysLTR1 expression (r 2 = 0.52; P = 0.01), which, in turn, was associated with decreased leukotriene C4 synthase cg1631890 (P = 0.02) and increased CysLTR1 cg26848126 (P = 0.01) methylation, as assessed in a multivariable model (r 2 = 0.69). Conclusions Health effects of acute particulate exposure on asthma are associated with changes in CysLTR1 expression and methylation of CpG sites on CysLTR1 and leukotriene C4 synthase genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".