Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for Relative Quantification of 30 Brain-Related Proteins and Their Clinical Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising clinical sample for identification of novel biomarkers for various neurological disorders. Considering its direct contact with brain tissue, CSF represents a valuable source of brain-related and brain-specific proteins. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating neurological disease affecting the central nervous system, and so far there are no diagnostic or prognostic disease specific biomarkers available in the clinic. The primary aim of the present study was to develop a targeted mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous quantification of 30 brain-related proteins in CSF and subsequently to demonstrate assay feasibility in neurological samples derived from multiple sclerosis patients. Our multiplex selected reaction monitoring assay had wide dynamic range (median fold range across peptides = 8.16 × 103) and high assay reproducibility (median across peptides CV = 4%). Candidate biomarkers were quantified in CSF samples from neurologically healthy individuals (n = 9) and patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (n = 29) or early multiple sclerosis (n = 15).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".