Modeling of liquid water transport in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell gas flow channel with dynamic wettability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid water transport in the gas flow channel is significantly important for the water removal and management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Previous numerical studies consider a single and constant static contact angle for the liquid water transport on the channel surface, which is insufficient to account for the dynamic wettability behavior of the flow. In this study, a dynamic wettability model is developed that incorporates the sliding angle and dynamic contact angles for the simulation of water transport in the flow channel. It is found that both the sliding and dynamic contact angles have significant impact on the characteristics of the water transport and dynamics in the flow channel. Water spreading on the channel surface is elliptic, and its minor and major axes oscillate out of phase with the droplet height. The pressure loss for the 2-phase flow in the channel is directly related to this oscillation and deformation of the droplet shape. Flow channel surface with a small sliding angle facilitates the water transport and removal and reduces the associated pressure loss in the channel. The conventional static wettability model would overpredict droplet deformation and breakup as well as the pressure loss in the channel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".