Staging of amyloid β, t‐tau, regional atrophy rates, and cognitive change in a nondemented cohort: Results of serial mediation analyses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Current models posit a sequence of amyloid β (Aβ), tau, atrophy, and cognitive change leading to Alzheimer's disease, but ambiguities remain. We examined these sequences via serial mediations. METHODS: We studied normal controls, early mild cognitive impairment, and late mild cognitive impairment individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 database for the mediation of baseline cerebrospinal fluid Aβ effects on 2-year cognitive change via regional longitudinal atrophy rate (AR) alone or AR and tau. RESULTS: In normal controls, Aβ correlated directly with regional ARs and memory loss, with no mediations. In early mild cognitive impairment, tau and lateral temporal ARs serially mediated the influence of Aβ on memory while Aβ affected memory via hippocampal AR. Late mild cognitive impairment consistently showed serial mediations of tau followed by atrophy. However, Aβ effects on memory also continued to be specifically mediated by medial temporal ARs without intermediate tau. DISCUSSION: Biomarker sequences vary by region and disease state, suggesting the need to refine current cascade models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".