Efficacy and Safety of Surgery for Mild Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Results of the AOSpine North America and International Prospective Multicenter Studies
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is controversy over the optimal treatment strategy for patients with mild degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of impairment in baseline quality of life as compared to population norms, as well as functional, disability, and quality of life outcomes following surgery in a prospective cohort of mild DCM patients undergoing surgical decompression. METHODS: We identified patients with mild DCM (modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association [mJOA] 15 to 17) enrolled in the prospective, multicenter AOSpine CSM-NA or CSM-I trials. Baseline quality of life Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) was compared to population norms by the standardized mean difference (SMD). Outcomes, including functional status (mJOA, Nurick grade), disability (NDI [Neck Disability Index]), and quality of life (SF-36v2), were evaluated at baseline and 6 mo, 1 yr, and 2 yr after surgery. Postoperative complications within 30 d of surgery were monitored. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-three patients met eligibility criteria. Mean age was 52.4 yr. There were 67 females (34.7%). Patients had significant impairment in all domains of the SF-36v2 compared to population norms, greatest for Social Functioning (SMD -2.33), Physical Functioning (SMD -2.31), and Mental Health (SMD -2.30). A significant improvement in mean score from baseline to 2-yr follow-up was observed for all major outcome measures, including mJOA (0.87, P < .01), Nurick grade (-1.13, P < .01), NDI (-12.97, P < .01), and SF-36v2 Physical Component Summary (PCS) (5.75, P < .01) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) (6.93, P < .01). The rate of complication was low. CONCLUSION: Mild DCM is associated with significant impairment in quality of life. Surgery results in significant gains in functional status, level of disability, and quality of life.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it