Cortical thickness contributes to cognitive heterogeneity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate cerebral cortical thickness alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their association with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Thirty T2DM patients without MCI, 30 T2DM patients with MCI, and 30 healthy controls were recruited. All subjects underwent high-resolution sagittal T1-weighted structural imaging using a 3-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence. The cortical thicknesses of the whole brain of the 3 groups were analyzed and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Partial correlations between the cortical thicknesses of each brain region and standard laboratory testing data were analyzed for the T2DM without MCI group. The associations between cortical thicknesses and neuropsychological scale scores were also analyzed in the T2DM with MCI group.Compared with the healthy controls, the T2DM without MCI group showed statistically significant reduction in the cortical thickness of the left posterior cingulate gyrus, right isthmus cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and transverse temporal gyrus. No significant correlation was found between the standard laboratory testing data and the cortical thicknesses of these cerebral regions. Compared with the T2DM without MCI group, the cortical thickness alterations in the T2DM with MCI group were bidirectional. Increased cortical thickness was found in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the right isthmus cingulate gyrus. Decreased cortical thickness was observed in the left pars triangularis and the right pars opercularis. Significant correlations were found between the cortical thickness of the right pars opercularis and the Complex Figure Test-delayed recall scores (r = 0.464, ρ = 0.015), Trail Making Test A consuming time (r = -0.454, ρ = 0.017), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (r = 0.51, ρ = 0.007).T2DM could influence the gray matter of several brain regions. The cortical thickness reduction of the right pars opercularis may be a biomarker of cognitive impairment and play an important role in its pathophysiological mechanism.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".