Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Microcephaly is a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system. It is a condition in which an infant’s head is significantly smaller than the heads of other children of the same age and sex. Sometimes detected at birth, microcephaly usually results from the brain developing abnormally in the womb or not growing normally after birth. At the present time there is an increase of microcephaly cases which have are linked to an ongoing Zika virus outbreak. While the increase was mostly seen in Brazil, due to the possible modes of transmission of the Zika virus and the increased travel of Canadians to warmer climates, conducting this study was highly responsive, timely and relevant to an emerging public health issue that has received significant international concern. OBJECTIVES This study aims to address two specific objectives: 1) define the minimum incidence of severe microcephaly in Canada, and 2) describe Canadian -specific epidemiology (including etiology, when known) of severe microcephaly. DESIGN/METHODS Data is collected by questionnaire through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. Each paediatrician who is registered with the network is asked to report every month any new cases of infants, < 1 year of age, with a head circumference < 3 standard deviations below the mean for gestational age and sex, based on the sex-specific WHO growth parameters. Any infant with confirmed microcephaly will have additional information completed by questionnaire by his/her paediatrician. RESULTS As of October 2017, a total of 44 questionnaires have been completed and submitted (n=1 duplicate case, n=2 did not meet case definition) yielding a total of 41 questionnaires for analysis. To date, one case of severe microcephaly has been confirmed due to Zika virus. The other leading suspected causes (when reported) include: 3.4% infection, 34.5% genetic, 13.8% ischemic, 34.5% unknown, and 13.8% other. The average head circumference at birth is 28.3 cm for all cases. Most of the cases are males (64%) and the majority are singleton births (94%). Data is less complete for diagnostic testing information, including test results, and parental travel history. CONCLUSION An increase in prevalence of the Zika virus and the emergence of its association with microcephaly warrants heightened awareness and targeted surveillance to better understand this issue in the Canadian context. Data collection is still ongoing, but once analysis is complete it will provide valuable baseline incidence and etiologic information on severe microcephaly in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".