Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A hydrodynamic approach is used to determine whether tsunami- or cyclone-generated waves were responsible for the deposition of fields of well-imbricated rock boulders (up to 290 tonnes) along the coast of Cairns inside the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Calculations of the overturning moments show that only tsunami are capable of moving such large boulders in this environment. It is hypothesised that large tsunami (> 11 m) have been able to penetrate the Great Barrier Reef through wide (5–10 km) 50–70 m deep passages between individual reefs. Three such passages each approximately 35 km apart and oriented in the same direction exist in the Cairns region. It is possible that these passages have funnelled and amplified palaeotsunamis. The preferential location of eroded coral boulders up to 3 m in length on reef flats alongside these passages and their absence on other reefs throughout the region provide further evidence that extremely high-energy waves have been able to penetrate the Great Barrier Reef into the inner channel adjacent to the mainland. Carbon-14 ages of the coral boulders on these reef flats matches closely the ages of coral fragments pinned below the very large rock boulders along the coast. These ages suggest that the Cairns region has experienced large tsunami twice over the last millennium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.987 | 0.988 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".