A technique of manufacturing anatomical preparations of the human brain based on injecting vessels with colored silicone (a technical note)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to produce anatomical preparations by injecting vessels with colored silicone to study the brain and skull base anatomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fresh, undissected, and unfixed cadavers were used. The internal carotid arteries and internal jugular veins were identified on both sides of the neck. The vessels were washed with running water. Then, a complex solution consisting of white silicone rubber, silicone oil (solvent), and a coloring pigment (red and blue pigments) at a ratio of 1:(0.9-1.1):(0.04-0.06), respectively, was prepared. About 30-60 s before injecting the complex solution into the vessels, a catalyst-hardener was added to the solution at a ratio of 1:(0.05-0.07). The complex solution was first introduced into the internal carotid artery until the solution came out from the contralateral internal carotid artery; then, the solution was injected into the internal jugular vein until the solution emerged from the contralateral internal jugular vein. RESULTS: The technique enables quick and high-quality visualization of both large and very small vessels of the brain and skull base. CONCLUSION: The proposed simple and inexpensive technique of manufacturing anatomical preparations improves the quality of training and mastering of microsurgical skills in residents and practicing neurosurgeons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".