Graftonite-(Mn), ideally<sup><i>M1</i></sup>Mn<sup><i>M2,M3</i></sup>Fe<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and graftonite-(Ca), ideally<sup><i>M1</i></sup>Ca<sup><i>M2,M3</i></sup>Fe<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, two new minerals of the graftonite group from Poland
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two new minerals of the graftonite group, graftonite-(Mn), ideally M (1) Mn M (2), M (3) Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 2 , and graftonite-(Ca), ideally M (1) Ca M (2), M (3) Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 2 , were discovered in phosphate nodules of two beryl–columbite–phosphate pegmatites at Lutomia and Michałkowa, respectively, in the Góry Sowie Block, Lower Silesia, southwest Poland. Graftonite-(Mn) is pinkish brown, whereas graftonite-(Ca) shows more brownish colouration. Both minerals have a vitreous lustre, a good cleavage observed along (010) and irregular fracture; both are transparent and neither of them is fluorescent. They are brittle and have a Mohs hardness of ~5. The minerals are non-pleochroic, colourless in all orientations, biaxial (+), with mean refractive indices α = 1.710(2) and 1.690(2), β = 1.713(2) and 1.692(2), and γ = 1.725(2) and 1.710(5), respectively. With complete order of Ca at the M (1) site, the formulae of the holotype crystals are M (1) (Mn 0.70 Ca 0.30 ) M (2), M (3) (Fe 1.34 Mn 0.60 Mg 0.06 Zn 0.01 ) Σ3 (PO 4 ) 2 for graftonite-(Mn) and M (1) (Ca 0.98 Mn 0.02 ) M (2), M (3) (Fe 1.38 Mn 0.56 Mg 0.05 ) Σ3 (PO 4 ) 2 for graftonite-(Ca). Both crystal chemistry and crystal-structure refinement ( R 1 = 2.34 and 1.63%, respectively) indicate that the M (1) site is occupied dominantly by Mn in graftonite-(Mn) and by Ca in graftonite-(Ca), and the M (2) and M (3) sites are occupied by Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ , with Fe 2+ dominant over Mn 2+ at the aggregate M (2) + M (3) sites. Graftonite-(Mn) and graftonite-(Ca) are isostructural with graftonite, M (1) Fe M (2), M (3) Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 2 (monoclinic system; space-group symmetry P 2 1 / c ), with the unit-cell parameters a = 8.811(2) Å, b = 11.494(2) Å, c = 6.138(1) Å, β = 99.23(3)° and V = 613.5(4) Å 3 , and a = 8.792(2) Å, b = 11.743(2) Å, c = 6.169(1) Å, β = 99.35(3)° and V = 628.5(1) Å 3 , respectively. The densities calculated on the basis of molar weights and unit-cell volumes are 3.793 g/cm 3 for graftonite-(Mn) and 3.592 g/cm 3 for graftonite-(Ca). The eight strongest lines in powder X-ray diffraction patterns on the basis of single-crystal data are, respectively [ d , Å, I ( hkl )]: 2.874, 100, (230 + 040); 2.858, 79, (221); 3.506, 73, (130); 2.717, 79, ( $\bar{3}$ 11); 2.952, 55, (131); 2.916, 53, ( $\bar{1}$ 12); 2.899, 44, (300); 3.016, 35, ( $\bar{1}$ 02); and 3.654, 100, (130); 2.979, 85, (221); 3.014, 77, (230); 3.042, 76, (040 + $\bar{1}$ 12); 2.834, 68, ( $\bar{3}$ 11); 3.097, 57, (131); 3.133, 56, ( $\bar{1}$ 02); 2.542, 30, (311). Both minerals are common primary phosphates in phosphate nodules, occurring as lamellar intergrowths with sarcopside ± triphylite/lithiophilite, products of exsolution from a (Li,Ca)-rich graftonite-like parent phase crystallized at high temperature from P-bearing hydrosaline melts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it