Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces Beam Angle Shift Keying (BASK) modulation that uses an antenna array to encode the information symbols into the angle of wave propagation (and arrival) in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless channel. Specifically, at the transmitter, the block of information bits is mapped into a "spatial" symbol selecting the beam or equivalently the direction of departure for the unmodulated carrier signal. Through the specular reflection paths, the carrier signal is assumed to arrive at the receiver from one direction over the duration of the spatial symbol indexing the transmitter/receiver beam. Using the receiver antenna array signals, we derive a maximum likelihood (ML) detection to differentiate between the direction-of-arrival from different beams. Mathematical analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of BASK in AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. The selection of angles of arrivals is optimized to obtain the lowest symbol error rates for different modulation levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".