A Low-Power Pipelined-SAR ADC Using Boosted Bucket-Brigade Device for Residue Charge Processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A low-power pipelined-successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using boosted bucket-brigade device (BBD) for residue charge processing is presented. Boosted BBDs have been used as low-power and highprecision residue charge transfers in multistage pipelined ADCs, with drawbacks of large nonlinearity and severe accumulated common-mode (CM) charge error, which requires power-hungry real-time calibration circuits to control the CM level in each stage. When used in a two-stage pipelined-SAR ADC, only one boosted BBD pair is needed and its input signal range is attenuated remarkably by the first-stage SAR. Thus, zeropower power-up correction circuit can be used to stabilize the output CM level, and the nonlinear error of the boosted BBD is negligible. In addition, with top-plate sampling in the firststage SAR, two reference voltages for the conventional BBD are also eliminated. A proof-of-principle 10-bit two-stage pipelinedSAR ADC is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS, showing an signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio/spurious-free dynamic range of 57.1 dB/71.4 dB at 3.1-MHz input, while consuming 1.87 mW at 40 MS/s for a figure of merit of 78.9 fJ/step. The boosted BBD residue circuit consumes only 0.06 mW or 3% of the total power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".