Dry Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen From Satellite Observations of Ammonia and Nitrogen Dioxide Over North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Reactive nitrogen (N r ) is an essential nutrient to plants and a limiting element for growth in many ecosystems, but it can have harmful effects on ecosystems when in excess. Satellite‐derived surface observations are used together with a dry deposition model to estimate the dry deposition flux of the most abundant short‐lived nitrogen species, NH 3 and NO 2 , over North America during the 2013 warm season. These fluxes demonstrate that the NH 3 contribution dominates over NO 2 for most regions (comprising ~85% of their sum in Canada and ~65% in the U.S.), with some regional exceptions (e .g. Alberta and northeastern U.S.). Nationwide, ~1.35 Tg of N from these species were dry deposited in the contiguous U.S., more than double the ~0.61 Tg in Canada (excluding territories) over this period. Forest fires are shown to be the major contributor of dry deposition of N r from NH 3 in northern latitudes, leading to deposition fluxes 2–3 times greater than from expected amounts without fires.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".